Understanding written English texts, regardless of their nature or intent, is crucial for this test. All questions, including those involving symbolic language, will be presented in English. Therefore, a strong grasp of English is essential to answering these questions effectively.

Skills Tested

1. Understanding Vocabulary

   • Ability to comprehend abstract, uncommon, or specialized vocabulary within real contexts.

2. Textual Cohesion and Coherence

   • Identifying how different parts of a text connect and contribute to its overall meaning.

3. Extracting Information

   • Inferring and extracting specific informative details from the text.

Types of Texts

The test will feature:

• Short texts from scientific nonfiction.
• Classic and contemporary fiction.
• Current events articles from newspapers and magazines, both general and specialized.

Assessment Focus

The questions will evaluate:

1. Orientation in Space and Time

   • The ability to place historical and cultural phenomena accurately within their spatial and temporal contexts.

2. Knowledge of Institutions

   • Familiarity with major national and international institutions.

3. Understanding Legal, Economic, and Civic Phenomena

   • Comprehension of concepts related to law, economics, and citizenship.

Scope of Questions

Questions will cover:

• A wide range of text types and themes.
• Knowledge gained from previous studies and general cultural awareness.
• Topics of international significance and current public debates.

Critical Thinking

This subsection evaluates your ability to analyze and assess arguments through various question types. Each type requires a specific method, which is covered in detail in our course. The question types include:

• Summarising the Main Conclusion

  • Identify the central conclusion of an argument.

• Drawing a Conclusion

  • Make logical conclusions based on the given information.

• Identifying an Assumption

  • Determine the underlying assumptions in an argument.

• Assessing the Impact of Additional Evidence

  • Evaluate how new evidence would affect the argument.

• Detecting Reasoning Errors

  • Identify errors or fallacies in the reasoning process.

• Matching Arguments

  • Find and match similar arguments or premises.

• Applying Principles

  • Apply general principles to specific scenarios.

2. Problem Solving

This subsection tests your ability to tackle diverse and novel problems that you might not have encountered before. Problem types include:

• Interpreting Data

  • Analyze information presented in tables or graphs.

• Financial Problems

  • Solve problems related to financial calculations and scenarios.

• Spatial Reasoning

  • Use spatial reasoning skills to solve problems involving shapes and space.

Math Skills for Problem Solving

The Problem Solving subsection assesses your ability to handle various types of problems that require fundamental mathematical skills. Here’s a comprehensive list of the math concepts and operations you should be familiar with:

1. Basic Arithmetic Operations

• Simple Fractions and Decimals

  • Understanding and manipulating fractions and decimal numbers.

• Percentages and Percentage Operations

  • Calculating percentages, percentage increases or decreases, and percentage discounts.

• Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division

  • Performing basic calculations with whole numbers, fractions, and decimals.

• Basic Everyday Calculations

  • Applying arithmetic skills to solve common, practical problems.

2. Place Value

• Understanding Place Value
  • Recognizing the value of digits based on their position (e.g., in the number 1400, the digit ‘4’ represents 400).

3. Time and Calendar

• Calculating Time

  • Solving problems related to time intervals and scheduling.

• Understanding Calendar Dates

  • Calculating dates and durations.

4. Financial Math

• Basic Financial Calculations
  • Performing calculations related to budgeting, discounts, and simple interest.

5. Measurement Units and Conversions

• Length Units and Conversions

  • Familiarity with units like kilometre, metre, centimetre, and millimetre.

• Weight Units and Conversions

  • Knowledge of kilogram and gram.

• Area Units and Conversions

  • Understanding area units such as square centimetres and square metres.

• Volume/Capacity Units

  • Using units like cubic centimetre, litre, and gallon.

• Identification of Measurement Terms

  • Recognizing terms such as foot, inches, and miles, and understanding that they refer to measurements of length without needing to convert between them.

6. Geometry

• Area Calculation

  • Calculating the area of rectangles, squares, and triangles.

• Perimeter Calculation

  • Determining the perimeter of geometric shapes.

• Volume Calculation

  • Finding the volume of a box or rectangular prism.

• 2D Representation of 3D Objects

  • Interpreting and visualizing 2D representations of 3D objects, such as bird’s eye views.

7. Data Interpretation

• Extracting Data from Tables
  • Analyzing and drawing conclusions from data presented in tables.

8. Generalization

• Recognizing Patterns
  • Identifying patterns or rules, such as the general principle of division applied in various scenarios (e.g., dividing 24 by 8 and 40 by 8).

1. The Chemistry of the Living:

• Weak Interactions: Hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions in biomolecules.
• Organic Molecules: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids; their roles and functions, including enzyme activity and regulation.

2. Cell Biology:

• Cell Theory & Structure: Cell dimensions, differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (animal vs. plant cells), and viruses.
• Cell Membrane: Structure, functions, and transport mechanisms (diffusion, osmosis, active transport).
• Cell Cycle: Mitosis, meiosis, chromosome structure, and karyotyping.

3. Reproduction and Heredity:

• Life Cycles: Sexual vs. asexual reproduction.
• Mendelian Genetics: Mendel’s laws, classical and molecular genetics, DNA replication, gene expression, and regulation.
• Human Genetics: Inheritance patterns, genetic disorders, and the role of environment.

4. Evolution and Biotechnology:

• Mutations: Role in natural and artificial selection.
• Biotechnology: Applications of recombinant DNA technology in medicine and agriculture.

5. Anatomy and Physiology:

• Animal Tissues: Types and functions.
• Human Systems: Anatomy and physiology of major systems (circulatory, respiratory, nervous, etc.), homeostasis mechanisms.

6. Bioenergetics:

• ATP: The energy currency of cells.
• Metabolic Processes: Photosynthesis, glycolysis, aerobic respiration, fermentation, and redox reactions.

1. Constitution of Matter

• States of Aggregation: Solid, liquid, gas.
• Systems: Heterogeneous and homogeneous.
• Compounds and Elements: Basic units of matter.

2. Ideal Gas Laws

• Core Concepts: Behavior and properties of ideal gases.

3. Atomic Structure

• Elementary Particles: Protons, neutrons, electrons.
• Atomic Number & Mass: Element identification.
• Isotopes & Electronic Structure: Variations and configurations across elements.

4. Periodic Table

• Groups & Periods: Layout and classification of elements.
• Periodic Properties: Atomic radius, ionization potential, electron affinity, metallic character.
• Relationships: How electronic structure impacts element properties.

5. Chemical Bonding

• Types of Bonds: Ionic, covalent, and metallic.
• Bond Energy & Polarity: Key factors in molecular stability.
• Electronegativity & Intermolecular Bonds: Impact on molecular interactions.

6. Inorganic Chemistry

• Nomenclature: Naming conventions for oxides, hydroxides, acids, and salts.
• Properties: Understanding core characteristics of inorganic compounds.

7. Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry

• Fundamentals: Atomic and molecular mass, Avogadro’s number, mole concept.
• Stoichiometric Calculations: Techniques for balancing reactions.

8. Solutions

• Water as a Solvent: Key properties and solubility principles.
• Concentration: Expressing solute concentration in various ways.

9. Aqueous Equilibria

• Concepts: Dynamic equilibrium in aqueous solutions.

10. Kinetics and Catalysis

• Reaction Rates: Factors affecting chemical kinetics.
• Catalysis: Role in speeding up reactions.

11. Oxidation and Reduction

• Redox Reactions: Oxidation states, oxidants, reductants, and balancing redox reactions.

12. Acids and Bases

• Acid-Base Theory: Definitions, pH, hydrolysis, buffer solutions.
• Solution Properties: Understanding acidity, neutrality, and basicity in aqueous solutions.

13. Organic Chemistry

• Carbon Bonds: Understanding carbon bonding and molecular formulas.
• Isomerism: Types and implications of isomers.
• Hydrocarbons & Functional Groups: Overview of various hydrocarbon structures and functional groups (alcohols, ethers, amines, etc.).
• Nomenclature: Basic naming conventions for organic compounds.

1. Number Sets and Algebra

• Number Sets: Natural, integer, rational, and real numbers.
• Operations: Properties of basic operations; proportions and percentages.
• Powers and Exponents: Integer and rational exponents.
• Radicals and Logarithms: Properties of radicals and logarithms (base 10 and e).
• Algebraic Expressions: Polynomials, notable products, n-th power of binomials.
• Equations and Inequalities: Solving first and second-degree algebraic equations, inequalities, and systems of equations.
• Combinatorics: Basic combinatorial calculus.

2. Functions

• Basics: Definitions and graphical representations (domain, codomain, sign, continuity, maxima, minima).
• Elementary Functions: Algebraic, exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions.
• Compound and Inverse Functions: Understanding and solving equations involving these functions.
• Trigonometric Equations and Inequalities: Analysis and solutions.

3. Geometry

• Polygons: Properties and characteristics.
• Circles: Circumference, area, and properties.
• Measurements: Lengths, surfaces, and volumes.
• Transformations: Isometries, similarities, and equivalences.
• Angle Measurements: Degrees and radians, sine, cosine, tangent values.
• Trigonometric Formulas: Triangle resolutions using trigonometry.
• Cartesian System: Distance between points, midpoint, equations of lines, parallelism, perpendicularity.
• Conic Sections: Equations of circles, parabolas, hyperbolas, ellipses in the Cartesian plane.
• Theorems: Pythagorean and Euclidean theorems.

4. Probability and Statistics

• Distributions: Frequency distributions and graphical representations.
• Probability: Basic concepts, random experiments, events, probability calculations.

1. Physical Quantities and Measurement

• Quantities: Fundamental and derived.
• Measurement Systems: International and Technical, including conversions and scientific notation.
• Quantities: Scalar and vector, and operations with vectors.

2. Kinematics

• Motion: Describing velocity, angular velocity, acceleration, centripetal acceleration.
• Types of Motion: Uniform rectilinear, uniformly accelerated, uniform circular, and harmonic motion.

3. Dynamics

• Forces: Concept of force as interaction, including weight, elastic, and friction forces.
• Newton’s Laws: Principles of inertia, momentum conservation, work, energy, and power.
• Mechanical Energy: Conservative forces and potential energy.

4. Fluid Mechanics

• Properties: Density and compressibility of fluids.
• Hydrostatics: Pascal’s, Stevin’s, and Archimedes’ principles.
• Fluid Dynamics: Flow, Bernoulli’s equation, and viscous forces.

5. Thermodynamics

• Concepts: Equilibrium, temperature, heat, calorimetry, and modes of heat propagation.
• Laws: First and second principles of thermodynamics.
• Gas Laws: Ideal gases and their properties.

6. Electricity and Electromagnetism

• Electric Charges: Coulomb’s law, electric field, potential, and capacitance.
• Circuits: Ohm’s law, resistors, capacitors, series, and parallel configurations.
• Electromagnetic Principles: Magnetic fields, forces on currents, and electromagnetic induction.